transaction_base.hxx

/* Common code and definitions for the transaction classes.
 *
 * pqxx::transaction_base defines the interface for any abstract class that
 * represents a database transaction.
 *
 * DO NOT INCLUDE THIS FILE DIRECTLY; include pqxx/transaction_base instead.
 *
 * Copyright (c) 2000-2025, Jeroen T. Vermeulen.
 *
 * See COPYING for copyright license.  If you did not receive a file called
 * COPYING with this source code, please notify the distributor of this
 * mistake, or contact the author.
 */
#ifndef PQXX_H_TRANSACTION_BASE
#define PQXX_H_TRANSACTION_BASE

#if !defined(PQXX_HEADER_PRE)
#  error "Include libpqxx headers as <pqxx/header>, not <pqxx/header.hxx>."
#endif

#include <string_view>

/* End-user programs need not include this file, unless they define their own
 * transaction classes.  This is not something the typical program should want
 * to do.
 *
 * However, reading this file is worthwhile because it defines the public
 * interface for the available transaction classes such as transaction and
 * nontransaction.
 */

#include "pqxx/connection.hxx"
#include "pqxx/internal/concat.hxx"
#include "pqxx/internal/encoding_group.hxx"
#include "pqxx/internal/stream_query.hxx"
#include "pqxx/isolation.hxx"
#include "pqxx/prepared_statement.hxx"
#include "pqxx/result.hxx"
#include "pqxx/row.hxx"
#include "pqxx/util.hxx"

namespace pqxx::internal::gate
{
class transaction_subtransaction;
class transaction_sql_cursor;
class transaction_stream_to;
class transaction_transaction_focus;
} // namespace pqxx::internal::gate


namespace pqxx
{
using namespace std::literals;


class transaction_focus;



class PQXX_LIBEXPORT PQXX_NOVTABLE transaction_base
{
public:
  transaction_base() = delete;
  transaction_base(transaction_base const &) = delete;
  transaction_base(transaction_base &&) = delete;
  transaction_base &operator=(transaction_base const &) = delete;
  transaction_base &operator=(transaction_base &&) = delete;

  virtual ~transaction_base() = 0;


  void commit();


  void abort();

  template<typename... ARGS> [[nodiscard]] auto esc(ARGS &&...args) const
  {
    return conn().esc(std::forward<ARGS>(args)...);
  }


  template<typename... ARGS> [[nodiscard]] auto esc_raw(ARGS &&...args) const
  {
    return conn().esc_raw(std::forward<ARGS>(args)...);
  }


  [[nodiscard, deprecated("Use unesc_bin() instead.")]] std::string
  unesc_raw(zview text) const
  {
#include "pqxx/internal/ignore-deprecated-pre.hxx"
    return conn().unesc_raw(text);
#include "pqxx/internal/ignore-deprecated-post.hxx"
  }


  [[nodiscard]] bytes unesc_bin(zview text) { return conn().unesc_bin(text); }


  [[nodiscard, deprecated("Use unesc_bin() instead.")]] std::string
  unesc_raw(char const *text) const
  {
#include "pqxx/internal/ignore-deprecated-pre.hxx"
    return conn().unesc_raw(text);
#include "pqxx/internal/ignore-deprecated-post.hxx"
  }


  [[nodiscard]] bytes unesc_bin(char const text[])
  {
    return conn().unesc_bin(text);
  }


  template<typename T> [[nodiscard]] std::string quote(T const &t) const
  {
    return conn().quote(t);
  }

  [[deprecated("Use bytes instead of binarystring.")]] std::string
  quote(binarystring const &t) const
  {
    return conn().quote(t.bytes_view());
  }

  [[deprecated("Use quote(pqxx::bytes_view).")]] std::string
  quote_raw(unsigned char const bin[], std::size_t len) const
  {
    return quote(binary_cast(bin, len));
  }

  [[deprecated("Use quote(pqxx::bytes_view).")]] std::string
  quote_raw(zview bin) const;

#if defined(PQXX_HAVE_CONCEPTS) && defined(PQXX_HAVE_RANGES)

  template<binary DATA>
  [[nodiscard]] std::string quote_raw(DATA const &data) const
  {
    return conn().quote_raw(data);
  }
#endif

  [[nodiscard]] std::string quote_name(std::string_view identifier) const
  {
    return conn().quote_name(identifier);
  }

  [[nodiscard]] std::string
  esc_like(std::string_view bin, char escape_char = '\\') const
  {
    return conn().esc_like(bin, escape_char);
  }



  [[deprecated("The desc parameter is going away.")]]
  result exec(std::string_view query, std::string_view desc);

  // TODO: Wrap PQdescribePrepared().

  result exec(std::string_view query, params parms)
  {
    return internal_exec_params(query, parms.make_c_params());
  }


  result exec(std::string_view query)
  {
#include "pqxx/internal/ignore-deprecated-pre.hxx"
    return exec(query, std::string_view{});
#include "pqxx/internal/ignore-deprecated-post.hxx"
  }


  [[deprecated(
    "Pass your query as a std::string_view, not stringstream.")]] result
  exec(std::stringstream const &query, std::string_view desc)
  {
#include "pqxx/internal/ignore-deprecated-pre.hxx"
    return exec(query.str(), desc);
#include "pqxx/internal/ignore-deprecated-post.hxx"
  }


  [[deprecated("Use exec(string_view) and call no_rows() on the result.")]]
  result exec0(zview query, std::string_view desc)
  {
#include "pqxx/internal/ignore-deprecated-pre.hxx"
    return exec(query, desc).no_rows();
#include "pqxx/internal/ignore-deprecated-post.hxx"
  }


  [[deprecated("Use exec() and call no_rows() on the result.")]]
  result exec0(zview query)
  {
    return exec(query).no_rows();
  }


  [[deprecated("Use exec(string_view), and call one_row() on the result.")]]
  row exec1(zview query, std::string_view desc)
  {
#include "pqxx/internal/ignore-deprecated-pre.hxx"
    return exec(query, desc).one_row();
#include "pqxx/internal/ignore-deprecated-post.hxx"
  }


  [[deprecated("Use exec() instead, and call one_row() on the result.")]]
  row exec1(zview query)
  {
    return exec(query).one_row();
  }


  [[deprecated("Use exec() instead, and call expect_rows() on the result.")]]
  result exec_n(result::size_type rows, zview query, std::string_view desc);


  [[deprecated("Use exec() instead, and call expect_rows() on the result.")]]
  result exec_n(result::size_type rows, zview query)
  {
#include "pqxx/internal/ignore-deprecated-pre.hxx"
    return exec(query, std::string_view{}).expect_rows(rows);
#include "pqxx/internal/ignore-deprecated-post.hxx"
  }


  template<typename TYPE>
  [[deprecated("The desc parameter is going away.")]]
  TYPE query_value(zview query, std::string_view desc)
  {
#include "pqxx/internal/ignore-deprecated-pre.hxx"
    return exec(query, desc).one_field().as<TYPE>();
#include "pqxx/internal/ignore-deprecated-post.hxx"
  }


  template<typename TYPE> TYPE query_value(zview query)
  {
    return exec(query).one_field().as<TYPE>();
  }


  template<typename... TYPE>
  [[nodiscard]] std::tuple<TYPE...> query1(zview query)
  {
    return exec(query).expect_columns(sizeof...(TYPE)).one_row().as<TYPE...>();
  }


  template<typename... TYPE>
  [[nodiscard]] std::optional<std::tuple<TYPE...>> query01(zview query)
  {
    std::optional<row> const r{exec(query).opt_row()};
    if (r)
      return {r->as<TYPE...>()};
    else
      return {};
  }


  template<typename... TYPE>
  [[nodiscard]] auto stream(std::string_view query) &
  {
    return pqxx::internal::stream_query<TYPE...>{*this, query};
  }

  // C++20: Concept like std::invocable, but without specifying param types.

  template<typename CALLABLE>
  auto for_stream(std::string_view query, CALLABLE &&func)
  {
    using param_types =
      pqxx::internal::strip_types_t<pqxx::internal::args_t<CALLABLE>>;
    param_types const *const sample{nullptr};
    auto data_stream{stream_like(query, sample)};
    for (auto const &fields : data_stream) std::apply(func, fields);
  }

  template<typename CALLABLE>
  [[deprecated(
    "pqxx::transaction_base::for_each is now called for_stream.")]] auto
  for_each(std::string_view query, CALLABLE &&func)
  {
    return for_stream(query, std::forward<CALLABLE>(func));
  }


  template<typename... TYPE> auto query(zview query)
  {
    return exec(query).iter<TYPE...>();
  }

  template<typename... TYPE>
  [[deprecated("Use query() instead, and call expect_rows() on the result.")]]
  auto query_n(result::size_type rows, zview query)
  {
    return exec(query).expect_rows(rows).iter<TYPE...>();
  }

  // C++20: Concept like std::invocable, but without specifying param types.

  template<typename CALLABLE> void for_query(zview query, CALLABLE &&func)
  {
    exec(query).for_each(std::forward<CALLABLE>(func));
  }



  template<typename... Args>
  [[deprecated("Use exec(zview, params) instead.")]]
  result exec_params(std::string_view query, Args &&...args)
  {
    return exec(query, params{args...});
  }

  // Execute parameterised statement, expect a single-row result.
  template<typename... Args>
  [[deprecated("Use exec() instead, and call one_row() on the result.")]]
  row exec_params1(zview query, Args &&...args)
  {
    return exec(query, params{args...}).one_row();
  }

  // Execute parameterised statement, expect a result with zero rows.
  template<typename... Args>
  [[deprecated(
    "Use exec(string_view, params) and call no_rows() on the result.")]]
  result exec_params0(zview query, Args &&...args)
  {
    return exec(query, params{args...}).no_rows();
  }

  // Execute parameterised statement, expect exactly a given number of rows.
  template<typename... Args>
  [[deprecated("Use exec(), and call expect_rows() on the result.")]]
  result exec_params_n(std::size_t rows, zview query, Args &&...args)
  {
    return exec(query, params{args...})
      .expect_rows(check_cast<result_size_type>(rows, "number of rows"));
  }

  // Execute parameterised statement, expect exactly a given number of rows.
  template<typename... Args>
  [[deprecated("Use exec(), and call expect_rows() on the result.")]]
  result exec_params_n(result::size_type rows, zview query, Args &&...args)
  {
    return exec(query, params{args...}).expect_rows(rows);
  }


  template<typename... TYPE> auto query(zview query, params const &parms)
  {
    return exec(query, parms).iter<TYPE...>();
  }


  template<typename... TYPE>
  [[deprecated("Use exec(), and call expect_rows() & iter() on the result.")]]
  auto query_n(result::size_type rows, zview query, params const &parms)
  {
    return exec(query, parms).expect_rows(rows).iter<TYPE...>();
  }


  template<typename TYPE> TYPE query_value(zview query, params const &parms)
  {
    return exec(query, parms).expect_columns(1).one_field().as<TYPE>();
  }


  template<typename... TYPE>
  [[nodiscard]]
  std::tuple<TYPE...> query1(zview query, params const &parms)
  {
    return exec(query, parms).one_row().as<TYPE...>();
  }


  template<typename... TYPE>
  [[nodiscard]] std::optional<std::tuple<TYPE...>>
  query01(zview query, params const &parms)
  {
    std::optional<row> r{exec(query, parms).opt_row()};
    if (r)
      return {r->as<TYPE...>()};
    else
      return {};
  }

  // C++20: Concept like std::invocable, but without specifying param types.

  template<typename CALLABLE>
  void for_query(zview query, CALLABLE &&func, params const &parms)
  {
    exec(query, parms).for_each(std::forward<CALLABLE>(func));
  }


  void notify(std::string_view channel, std::string_view payload = {});

  template<typename... Args>
  [[deprecated("Use exec(prepped, params) instead.")]]
  result exec_prepared(zview statement, Args &&...args)
  {
    return exec(prepped{statement}, params{args...});
  }

  result exec(prepped statement)
  {
    params pp;
    return internal_exec_prepared(statement, pp.make_c_params());
  }


  template<typename... TYPE>
  auto query(prepped statement, params const &parms = {})
  {
    return exec(statement, parms).iter<TYPE...>();
  }


  template<typename TYPE>
  TYPE query_value(prepped statement, params const &parms = {})
  {
    return exec(statement, parms).expect_columns(1).one_field().as<TYPE>();
  }

  // C++20: Concept like std::invocable, but without specifying param types.

  template<typename CALLABLE>
  void for_query(prepped statement, CALLABLE &&func, params const &parms = {})
  {
    exec(statement, parms).for_each(std::forward<CALLABLE>(func));
  }

  result exec(prepped statement, params const &parms)
  {
    return internal_exec_prepared(statement, parms.make_c_params());
  }


  template<typename... Args>
  [[deprecated(
    "Use exec(string_view, params) and call one_row() on the result.")]]
  row exec_prepared1(zview statement, Args &&...args)
  {
    return exec(prepped{statement}, params{args...}).one_row();
  }


  template<typename... Args>
  [[deprecated(
    "Use exec(prepped, params), and call no_rows() on the result.")]]
  result exec_prepared0(zview statement, Args &&...args)
  {
    return exec(prepped{statement}, params{args...}).no_rows();
  }


  template<typename... Args>
  [[deprecated(
    "Use exec(prepped, params), and call expect_rows() on the result.")]]
  result
  exec_prepared_n(result::size_type rows, zview statement, Args &&...args)
  {
    return exec(pqxx::prepped{statement}, params{args...}).expect_rows(rows);
  }

  void process_notice(char const msg[]) const { m_conn.process_notice(msg); }
  void process_notice(zview msg) const { m_conn.process_notice(msg); }

  [[nodiscard]] constexpr connection &conn() const noexcept { return m_conn; }


  [[deprecated("Set transaction-local variables using SQL SET statements.")]]
  void set_variable(std::string_view var, std::string_view value);


  [[deprecated("Read variables using SQL SHOW statements.")]]
  std::string get_variable(std::string_view);

  // C++20: constexpr.
  [[nodiscard]] std::string_view name() const & noexcept { return m_name; }

protected:

  transaction_base(
    connection &cx, std::string_view tname,
    std::shared_ptr<std::string> rollback_cmd) :
          m_conn{cx}, m_name{tname}, m_rollback_cmd{rollback_cmd}
  {}


  transaction_base(connection &cx, std::string_view tname);

  explicit transaction_base(connection &cx);

  void register_transaction();

  void close() noexcept;

  virtual void do_commit() = 0;


  virtual void do_abort();

  void set_rollback_cmd(std::shared_ptr<std::string> cmd)
  {
    m_rollback_cmd = cmd;
  }

  result direct_exec(std::string_view, std::string_view desc = ""sv);
  result
  direct_exec(std::shared_ptr<std::string>, std::string_view desc = ""sv);

private:
  enum class status
  {
    active,
    aborted,
    committed,
    in_doubt
  };

  PQXX_PRIVATE void check_pending_error();

  result internal_exec_prepared(
    std::string_view statement, internal::c_params const &args);

  result
  internal_exec_params(std::string_view query, internal::c_params const &args);

  [[nodiscard]] std::string description() const;

  friend class pqxx::internal::gate::transaction_transaction_focus;
  PQXX_PRIVATE void register_focus(transaction_focus *);
  PQXX_PRIVATE void unregister_focus(transaction_focus *) noexcept;
  PQXX_PRIVATE void register_pending_error(zview) noexcept;
  PQXX_PRIVATE void register_pending_error(std::string &&) noexcept;

  template<typename... ARGS>
  auto stream_like(std::string_view query, std::tuple<ARGS...> const *)
  {
    return stream<ARGS...>(query);
  }

  connection &m_conn;


  transaction_focus const *m_focus = nullptr;

  status m_status = status::active;
  bool m_registered = false;
  std::string m_name;
  std::string m_pending_error;

  std::shared_ptr<std::string> m_rollback_cmd;

  static constexpr std::string_view s_type_name{"transaction"sv};
};


// C++20: Can borrowed_range help?
template<>
std::string_view transaction_base::query_value<std::string_view>(
  zview query, std::string_view desc) = delete;
template<>
zview transaction_base::query_value<zview>(
  zview query, std::string_view desc) = delete;

} // namespace pqxx


namespace pqxx::internal
{
template<pqxx::isolation_level isolation, pqxx::write_policy rw>
extern const zview begin_cmd;

// These are not static members, so "constexpr" does not imply "inline".
template<>
inline constexpr zview begin_cmd<read_committed, write_policy::read_write>{
  "BEGIN"_zv};
template<>
inline constexpr zview begin_cmd<read_committed, write_policy::read_only>{
  "BEGIN READ ONLY"_zv};
template<>
inline constexpr zview begin_cmd<repeatable_read, write_policy::read_write>{
  "BEGIN ISOLATION LEVEL REPEATABLE READ"_zv};
template<>
inline constexpr zview begin_cmd<repeatable_read, write_policy::read_only>{
  "BEGIN ISOLATION LEVEL REPEATABLE READ READ ONLY"_zv};
template<>
inline constexpr zview begin_cmd<serializable, write_policy::read_write>{
  "BEGIN ISOLATION LEVEL SERIALIZABLE"_zv};
template<>
inline constexpr zview begin_cmd<serializable, write_policy::read_only>{
  "BEGIN ISOLATION LEVEL SERIALIZABLE READ ONLY"_zv};
} // namespace pqxx::internal

#include "pqxx/internal/stream_query_impl.hxx"
#endif